Technology Empowers Training, Precisely Forges Capabilities – A Detailed Explanation of the Military and Special Vehicle Driving Simulator Training System

In modern national defense construction and special operation support, the professional quality of vehicle drivers is directly related to the success or failure of mission execution and the safety of personnel and equipment. Traditional real-vehicle training is limited by factors such as venue, climate, equipment wear and tear, and safety risks, making it difficult to fully cover complex scenarios and extreme working conditions. However, driving simulators, with their advantages of high simulation, repeatability, and safety controllability, have become the core equipment for special vehicle driving training. Focusing on the driving simulator training standards and combining 9 types of main training vehicles such as EQ1118G and EQ1120, this article comprehensively analyzes the core content, implementation path and practical value of simulator training, providing support for improving the comprehensive skills of drivers and promoting the transformation and upgrading of training models.

Driving simulator training is not a simple “virtual experience”, but a standardized training system built according to actual combat needs. Its core training standards cover five modules: battlefield driving (floating bridges, shell craters, anti-tank roads, etc.), special road driving (rainy days, snowy days, foggy days, etc.), emergency avoidance (tire blowout, skidding, brake failure, etc.), complex road driving (wading, loose sand, bridges, etc.), and scenario-based training (battlefield combined obstacles, behind-enemy lines support, etc.). Each module corresponds to clear training objectives, scenario settings and assessment requirements, ensuring that the training content is highly consistent with actual combat tasks and achieving the training effect of “training is actual combat, practice is preparation for war”. At the same time, combined with the performance characteristics of different models such as EQ1118G, EQ1120, EQ2102, SX2150, SX2190, Howo series, Dongfeng Mengshi, BAIC Warrior, and Dongfeng Cummins, training scenarios and operation requirements are set in a targeted manner, allowing drivers to proficiently master the operation skills of various models in a simulated environment and cope with the challenges of various complex working conditions.

I. Analysis of Core Training Standards for Driving Simulators

Guided by actual combat needs, the training standards of driving simulators balance professionalism and practicality. Through scenario simulation, operation simulation and environment simulation, they comprehensively temper drivers’ emergency response capabilities, adaptability to complex road conditions and practical operation capabilities. The five training modules are connected and progressive, forming a complete training system.

(I) Battlefield Driving Training: Tempering Adaptability to Battlefield Environment

Battlefield driving is a core skill for military vehicle drivers. The simulator restores typical battlefield scenarios such as floating bridges, shell craters, and anti-tank roads through highly simulated battlefield environment, allowing drivers to experience the complexity and danger of battlefield driving in a safe environment and master the core skills of battlefield driving. The core goal of battlefield driving training is to improve drivers’ psychological quality and operational stability in a war environment, ensuring that they can efficiently complete tasks such as personnel transportation and material transfer under complex battlefield conditions.

Floating bridge driving training is one of the key contents of battlefield driving. The simulator accurately restores the shaking characteristics, load-bearing limit and traffic requirements of the floating bridge, simulates scenarios such as slight shaking of the floating bridge under water impact and slippery bridge deck, requiring drivers to control the speed at 10-15km/h and pass the floating bridge smoothly, avoiding sudden acceleration and sudden braking which may cause the floating bridge to shake more severely or the vehicle to skid. During training, the simulator will feedback the stress of the floating bridge in real time according to the vehicle load and speed changes. If improper operation leads to overload of the floating bridge, an alarm prompt will be triggered to help drivers adjust their operations in time.

Shell crater road training simulates the road damaged by shells on the battlefield, setting shell craters of different sizes and depths with random distribution density and positions. It requires drivers to flexibly adjust the direction and speed according to the distribution of shell craters, select the best traffic route, and avoid wheels getting stuck in shell craters or vehicle chassis being damaged. For shell craters with a depth of more than 30cm, it is necessary to master the skill of “passing at low speed with stable center of gravity”, decelerate in advance, drive into the shell crater slowly, and then drive out slowly to ensure stable vehicle driving.

Anti-tank road training mainly simulates the obstacle roads set to block the passage of enemy tanks on the battlefield, including anti-tank trenches, triangular cone obstacles, barbed wire, etc. It requires drivers to proficiently master the steering and braking skills of the vehicle, accurately avoid obstacles, and quickly pass through complex road sections. During training, the simulator will simulate different combinations of anti-tank obstacles, improving drivers’ emergency response capabilities and route planning capabilities, ensuring that they can quickly break through the enemy’s obstacle blockade in actual combat.

(II) Special Road Driving Training: Improving Adaptability to Complex Environments

Special road driving training focuses on driving skills under severe weather such as rainy days, snowy days, and foggy days, as well as special environments such as night and plateaus. Through the simulator, it restores the visual, auditory and tactile feedback of different environments, allowing drivers to proficiently master the driving rules of special roads and improve their ability to cope with severe environments. The core of special road driving is “predicting risks and precise operation”, requiring drivers to adjust their driving strategies in a timely manner according to environmental changes to avoid operational errors caused by environmental factors.

In rainy day driving training, the simulator restores different rainfall intensities such as moderate rain, heavy rain and downpour, simulates scenarios such as slippery road surfaces, water accumulation and poor visibility, requiring drivers to reduce speed, keep a safe distance, avoid sudden braking and sudden steering, and use wipers and lights reasonably. For waterlogged roads, it is necessary to judge the water depth. If the water depth does not exceed the minimum ground clearance of the vehicle, it can pass slowly and smoothly; if the water depth is too deep, it is necessary to stop in time to avoid danger, preventing the vehicle from stalling or the chassis from being flooded.

Snowy day driving training simulates scenarios such as snow-covered roads and icy roads, restores the impact of snow on wheel grip and the slipping characteristics of icy roads, requiring drivers to drive in low gear, avoid sudden acceleration and sudden braking, and make reasonable use of the parking brake to prevent the vehicle from skidding. At the same time, the training will simulate the situation of poor visibility in snowy days, requiring drivers to correctly use fog lights and low-beam lights to improve visibility and ensure driving safety.

Foggy day driving training simulates different fog conditions such as light fog, heavy fog and dense fog, restores driving scenarios with visibility less than 50 meters and 100 meters, requiring drivers to reduce speed, turn on fog lights and position lights, keep a safe distance, and avoid following too closely. For dense fog scenarios with extremely low visibility, it is necessary to master the skill of “driving slowly at low speed and sounding the horn to warn”, and stop to wait for the fog to clear if necessary to ensure driving safety. In addition, the simulator will also set special scenarios such as night driving and plateau driving, simulating the impact of insufficient night visibility and plateau hypoxia on vehicle performance and driver status, improving drivers’ comprehensive adaptability.

(III) Emergency Avoidance Training: Strengthening Emergency Response Capabilities

Emergency avoidance training is one of the core modules of driving simulator training. Focusing on emergencies such as tire blowout, skidding and brake failure, it allows drivers to proficiently master emergency response processes and skills through simulating real emergency scenarios, improving their psychological quality and response capabilities in emergencies, and minimizing casualties and equipment losses. The core of emergency avoidance training is “quick response and standardized operation”, requiring drivers to stay calm and complete the response operations in accordance with standardized procedures when emergencies occur.

Tire blowout emergency response training simulates the emergency scenarios of front wheel and rear wheel blowout during vehicle driving, restores the deviation and shaking characteristics of the vehicle when a tire blows out, requiring drivers to immediately release the accelerator, hold the steering wheel firmly with both hands, keep the vehicle moving straight, avoid sudden braking and sudden steering, decelerate slowly to stop, and then replace the spare tire or wait for rescue in accordance with standardized procedures. During training, the simulator will feedback the driving status of the vehicle in real time according to the position of the tire blowout and the speed. If the operation is improper, it will lead to consequences such as vehicle rollover and loss of control, helping drivers deeply understand the importance of standardized operation.

Skidding emergency response training simulates the skidding phenomenon of vehicles on slippery roads and during turns, requiring drivers to timely judge the skidding direction, adjust the steering wheel and speed, and avoid加剧 skidding. If the vehicle has front wheel skidding, it is necessary to release the accelerator, brake gently, and adjust the steering wheel to correct the direction; if there is rear wheel skidding, it is necessary to gently turn the steering wheel in the direction of skidding, and decelerate slowly at the same time, and drive normally after the vehicle is stable. Through repeated training, drivers can form muscle memory and quickly make correct responses when sudden skidding occurs.

Brake failure emergency response training simulates the brake failure scenario caused by vehicle brake system failure, requiring drivers to proficiently master emergency methods such as emergency braking, engine braking and parking braking, quickly reduce the speed, and avoid accidents. During training, the simulator will simulate different degrees of brake failure, requiring drivers to select appropriate emergency response methods according to the actual situation. For example, manual transmission vehicles can achieve engine braking by downshifting, automatic transmission vehicles can switch to manual mode to downshift, and cooperate with the parking brake to stop slowly.

(IV) Complex Road Driving Training: Improving All-Terrain Passability

Complex road driving training covers typical complex road sections such as wading, loose sand and bridges, simulates the terrain characteristics and traffic difficulties of different road sections, allows drivers to proficiently master the driving skills of various complex road sections, and improves all-terrain passability. The core of complex road driving is “adapting to local conditions and flexible response”, requiring drivers to adjust their driving operations according to the characteristics of the road section to ensure safe vehicle passage.

Wading driving training simulates different wading scenarios such as shallow water areas, deep water areas and flowing water areas, restores the buoyancy changes of the vehicle and the risk of engine water intake during wading, requiring drivers to check the wading capacity of the vehicle in advance, judge the water depth, pass through the wading road section slowly and smoothly, and avoid stopping and sudden acceleration in the middle. For deep water areas, it is necessary to turn on the vehicle’s wading mode (available for some models), control the speed at 5-10km/h, ensure that the engine air intake is not submerged by water, and pay attention to observing the water surface conditions to avoid the chassis being scratched by underwater obstacles.

Loose sand road driving training simulates loose sand road sections such as deserts and sand dunes, restores the resistance of loose sand to wheels and the risk of getting stuck, requiring drivers to drive in low gear, keep a constant speed, avoid sudden acceleration and sudden braking, and prevent wheels from getting stuck in sand. At the same time, the training will simulate scenarios such as sand dune undulations and side slopes, requiring drivers to flexibly adjust the direction and speed, use the vehicle’s power performance to pass through the sand dune road section smoothly, and avoid vehicle rollover or getting stuck in sand.

Bridge driving training simulates different types of bridges, including simple bridges, highway bridges and mountain bridges, restores the slope, curve, load-bearing limit and other characteristics of the bridge, requiring drivers to control the speed, pass through the bridge smoothly, avoid sudden braking and sudden steering on the bridge, and pay attention to observing the load limit and height limit signs of the bridge to ensure that the vehicle meets the traffic requirements. For mountain bridges, it is necessary to pay attention to the curves and slopes of the bridge, decelerate in advance, drive carefully, and avoid operational errors caused by poor visibility.

(V) Scenario-Based Training: Improving Practical Collaborative Response Capabilities

Scenario-based training is a comprehensive training that organically combines the above four modules. By setting practical scenarios such as battlefield combined obstacles and behind-enemy lines support, drivers can comprehensively use skills such as battlefield driving, special road driving, emergency avoidance and complex road driving in complex scenarios, improving their practical collaborative response capabilities and mission execution capabilities. The core of scenario-based training is “actual combat orientation and collaborative cooperation”, requiring drivers to flexibly adjust their driving strategies according to the development of the scenario and complete tasks in collaboration with other personnel.

Battlefield combined obstacle scenario training sets various obstacle combinations such as floating bridges, shell craters, anti-tank roads and wading road sections, simulates complex road conditions in the battlefield environment, and requires drivers to safely pass all obstacles within the specified time and complete the material transfer task. During training, it will simulate emergencies such as enemy fire interference and vehicle failure, requiring drivers to deal with emergencies while responding to obstacles, improving their comprehensive response capabilities.

Behind-enemy lines support scenario training simulates the behind-enemy lines battlefield environment, sets special weather such as night and fog, and complex road sections such as loose sand and shell craters, requiring drivers to drive vehicles, break through enemy blockades, and safely deliver materials and personnel to designated locations. During training, it will simulate scenarios such as enemy patrol vehicles and obstacle blockades, requiring drivers to have the ability of concealed driving and quick response, reasonably plan routes, avoid enemy interference, and ensure the smooth completion of tasks. In addition, scenario-based training will also set multi-vehicle collaboration scenarios, requiring drivers to cooperate with other vehicles, keep a safe distance, and pass through complex road sections in collaboration, improving their collaborative combat capabilities.

II. Selection of Training Models and Analysis of Adaptability

The effectiveness of driving simulator training depends not only on the scientificity of training standards, but also on the rationality of training models. Combined with actual combat needs, 9 types of models are selected for this training, including EQ1118G, EQ1120, EQ2102, SX2150, SX2190, Howo series, Dongfeng Mengshi, BAIC Warrior and Dongfeng Cummins, covering light, medium and heavy military vehicles and special vehicles. Each type of model has different performance characteristics and adapts to different training scenarios, ensuring the comprehensiveness and pertinence of training.

(I) Dongfeng Series Models: Strong Versatility, Suitable for Basic Training and Complex Training

Dongfeng series models are the main military vehicles in China, with the characteristics of strong versatility, high reliability and convenient operation. They are suitable for various basic training and complex training scenarios of driving simulators, and are the core models for drivers’ entry training and skill improvement.

The EQ1118G type cargo truck is a medium-sized military cargo vehicle, mainly used for tasks such as material transfer and personnel transportation. The vehicle has strong power and stable handling performance, and is suitable for basic training modules such as special road driving and complex road driving. In special road training such as rainy days, snowy days and foggy days, the braking system and steering system of EQ1118G can provide stable operation feedback for drivers, helping them proficiently master driving skills in special environments; in complex road training such as wading and loose sand, the vehicle has strong passability and can adapt to the traffic requirements of different road conditions, which is suitable for drivers to temper their basic skills.

The EQ1120 type cargo truck is an upgraded model of the Dongfeng series, with significant improvements in power performance and handling performance. The driving form is 4×2, the total mass is 15600kg, and the rated load quality is 9990kg, which is suitable for complex road driving and emergency avoidance training. This model is matched with a variety of engines, with a wide power range. Based on Dongfeng’s mature chassis technology, the spare parts are easy to obtain and safe and reliable. In emergency scenario training such as brake failure and tire blowout, the vehicle’s emergency response performance is excellent, allowing drivers to better master emergency operation skills; at the same time, the vehicle has strong load-bearing capacity, and can simulate material transfer scenarios in battlefield combined obstacle scenario training, improving drivers’ mission execution capabilities in complex scenarios.

The EQ2102 type off-road vehicle is a light military off-road vehicle, with strong off-road performance and passability, suitable for training modules such as battlefield driving and complex road driving. This model can adapt to battlefield scenarios such as floating bridges, shell craters and anti-tank roads. In complex road sections such as loose sand and wading, the vehicle’s four-wheel drive system can provide sufficient power to help drivers pass through obstacles smoothly; at the same time, the vehicle has strong flexibility, and can quickly avoid enemy interference and complete support tasks in behind-enemy lines support scenario training, which is suitable for drivers to improve their off-road driving skills and practical response capabilities.

Dongfeng Cummins series models are famous for their excellent engine performance. The Cummins engine they are equipped with has strong power, low fuel consumption and high reliability, and is suitable for various complex training scenarios. The first-generation Dongfeng Mengshi was once equipped with the Dongfeng Cummins EQB150 inline four-cylinder water-cooled turbocharged intercooled diesel engine. The second and third generations of Mengshi have also successively replaced with more powerful Cummins electronically controlled diesel engines, with continuous improvement in power performance. The power system of Dongfeng Cummins models can adapt to special environments such as plateaus and low temperatures. In special scenario training such as plateau driving and night driving, the stability of the engine can provide guarantee for drivers; at the same time, the braking system and steering system of this series of models have been optimized, allowing drivers to quickly complete emergency response operations in emergency avoidance training and improve their emergency response capabilities.

(II) Shaanxi Automobile Series Models: Outstanding Off-Road Performance, Suitable for Battlefield and Complex Road Training

Shaanxi Automobile series models are mainly heavy off-road vehicles, with the characteristics of outstanding off-road performance, strong load-bearing capacity and high reliability. They are suitable for high-intensity training scenarios such as battlefield driving and complex road driving, and are suitable for drivers to improve their passability in complex road conditions and practical skills.

The SX2150 type off-road vehicle is China’s first independently developed 5-ton 6×6 all-wheel drive off-road truck, with the military code “Yan’an 250”. It is equipped with a 6150K water-cooled diesel engine, with a maximum power of 160 horsepower and a maximum torque of 617N·m, which can output strong torque in the low speed range, especially suitable for complex mountain road conditions. The chassis of this model adopts an integral ladder frame, which significantly improves the torsional rigidity. The drive system is equipped with full-floating half shafts and heavy-duty drive axles, with differential locks between wheels and axles. When a single wheel gets stuck in the mud, it can quickly lock the differential and transmit power to the wheels still with adhesion, which is suitable for battlefield scenario training such as floating bridges, shell craters and anti-tank roads. In the catastrophic flood on the Laoshan front line in 1986, the SX2150 fleet opened a “steel supply line” in the rapids, and its excellent off-road performance was fully verified in actual combat. In simulator training, it can allow drivers to deeply experience the operation characteristics of heavy off-road vehicles and improve their battlefield driving skills.

The SX2190 type off-road vehicle is the second-generation heavy military off-road vehicle developed by Shaanxi Automobile. The driving form is 6×6, the total vehicle curb weight is 11500kg, it is equipped with a Weichai WD615-77A inline six-cylinder engine with a displacement of 9.762L, a maximum power of 206kw, matched with a Fuller RT11609A manual transmission, 9 forward gears + 2 reverse gears, a maximum climbing gradient of 60%, and a maximum speed of 80km/h. It has the characteristics of good power, strong adaptability and excellent off-road performance. This model once participated in the 50th National Day military parade, and currently the equipment rate of heavy off-road vehicles in our army exceeds 90%, which is suitable for complex road driving and scenario training. In complex road section training such as loose sand, wading and bridges, the vehicle’s passability and load-bearing capacity can meet the training needs; in scenario training such as battlefield combined obstacles and behind-enemy lines support, it can simulate practical scenarios such as heavy material transfer and equipment traction, improving drivers’ practical collaborative response capabilities.

(III) Howo Series Models: Strong Load-Bearing Capacity, Suitable for Heavy Load and Complex Road Condition Training

Howo series models are representative of heavy cargo and off-road vehicles, with the characteristics of strong load-bearing capacity, solid body structure and stable handling performance. They are suitable for heavy load scenario training such as complex road driving and scenario training, and are suitable for drivers to improve their driving skills and emergency response capabilities of heavy load vehicles.

The Howo series models have powerful engine performance and can provide sufficient torque. Whether climbing slopes or driving on muddy roads, they can show strong power performance; the body structure is solid and durable, and can maintain stability and efficiency even in long-term heavy load operations; the suspension system and frame have been carefully designed and optimized to ensure excellent load-bearing capacity and stability; the steering system is precise and flexible, allowing drivers to easily control the direction of the vehicle; the braking system responds quickly, ensuring driving safety. In complex road driving training, the load-bearing capacity of Howo series models can simulate heavy load material transfer scenarios, allowing drivers to master the driving skills of heavy load vehicles in road sections such as wading, loose sand and bridges; in emergency avoidance training, the vehicle’s braking system and steering system can provide stable operation feedback for drivers, helping them quickly deal with emergencies such as tire blowout and brake failure; in scenario training, it can be used as a heavy load material transport vehicle to participate in scenarios such as battlefield combined obstacles and behind-enemy lines support, improving drivers’ operation capabilities and collaborative response capabilities of heavy load vehicles.

(IV) Special Off-Road Models: Strong Flexibility, Suitable for Practical Scenario Training

Dongfeng Mengshi and BAIC Warrior are representatives of China’s special off-road vehicles, with the characteristics of strong flexibility, outstanding off-road performance and wide adaptability. They are suitable for practical training scenarios such as battlefield driving, emergency avoidance and scenario training, and are suitable for drivers to improve their operation skills and practical response capabilities of special vehicles.

Dongfeng Mengshi, also known as EQ2050 “Mengshi”, is a high-mobility off-road vehicle family developed by Dongfeng Motor Group, with 100% independent intellectual property rights. It has participated in military parades and emergency rescue activities many times, passing the review stand with “zero mistakes, zero errors, zero failures and zero accidents”. This model has gone through three generations of changes, and the engine has been continuously upgraded. The first generation adopted the Dongfeng Cummins EQB150 engine, the second generation replaced with the Dongfeng Cummins ISDe200-41 engine, and the third generation is equipped with a 6.7-liter, 300-horsepower Cummins ISDe300-40 diesel engine, with significantly enhanced power. Dongfeng Mengshi adopts a full-time four-wheel drive chain drive transfer case, equipped with an adaptive limited-slip differential and disc brakes, front and rear double wishbone coil spring independent suspension technology, and hydraulic shock absorbers. The minimum ground clearance is 380mm, the maximum wading depth is 750mm (optional 1200mm), and the maximum climbing gradient is 60%, which can adapt to various complex terrains and harsh environments. In battlefield driving training, Dongfeng Mengshi can flexibly pass through obstacles such as floating bridges, shell craters and anti-tank roads; in emergency avoidance training, the vehicle’s handling performance and emergency response performance are excellent, which can quickly respond to emergencies such as tire blowout and skidding; in scenario training, it can be used as a reconnaissance vehicle and command vehicle to participate in scenarios such as behind-enemy lines support and battlefield reconnaissance, improving drivers’ practical operation capabilities and collaborative cooperation capabilities.

BAIC Warrior is a light special off-road vehicle, with a front-mounted four-wheel drive, equipped with a 6-speed manual transmission, and a displacement of 8.8-10.6L. It has the characteristics of strong flexibility, convenient operation and wide adaptability. The body structure of this model is compact, the steering is flexible, and it can adapt to narrow road sections and complex obstacles, suitable for training modules such as battlefield driving and complex road driving. In battlefield combined obstacle scenario training, BAIC Warrior can quickly avoid obstacles and complete tasks such as reconnaissance and support; in special road driving training, the vehicle’s flexibility can help drivers better cope with severe environments such as rainy days, snowy days and foggy days; in emergency avoidance training, the vehicle’s braking system and steering system respond sensitively, allowing drivers to quickly complete emergency response operations and improve their emergency response capabilities.

III. Implementation Path and Practical Value of Driving Simulator Training

Combining the training standards of the driving simulator and the adaptability of the selected models, a “hierarchical training, step-by-step, actual combat-oriented” implementation path is constructed to ensure the landing of training effects, and at the same time give full play to the advantages of simulator training, providing support for improving the comprehensive skills of drivers and promoting the transformation and upgrading of training models.

(I) Implementation Path: Hierarchical Training to Improve Skills Step by Step

Driving simulator training adopts a hierarchical model of “basic training – special training – comprehensive training”, combining the performance characteristics of different models to improve drivers’ skill levels step by step, ensuring the pertinence and effectiveness of training.

In the basic training stage, it mainly focuses on models with strong versatility such as EQ1118G and EQ1120, focusing on special road driving, basic emergency avoidance and other training, allowing drivers to proficiently master the basic operation skills of the vehicle, adapt to the simulated environment of the simulator, and cultivate good driving habits. The focus of this stage is “standardized operation and familiarization with models”. Through repeated training, drivers can master the basic driving skills under special environments such as rainy days, snowy days and foggy days, as well as the basic response methods for emergencies such as tire blowout and skidding, laying a foundation for subsequent special training.

In the special training stage, according to the post needs and skill levels of drivers, it is divided into special battlefield driving, special complex road driving, special emergency avoidance, etc. Combined with the performance characteristics of models such as SX2150, SX2190 and Dongfeng Mengshi, targeted training is carried out. For example, for drivers in off-road positions, focus on battlefield driving and complex road driving training, using off-road models such as EQ2102, Dongfeng Mengshi and BAIC Warrior to improve off-road driving skills; for drivers in heavy load positions, focus on complex road driving and emergency avoidance training, using heavy models such as Howo series and SX2190 to improve the operation capabilities and emergency response capabilities of heavy load vehicles. The focus of this stage is “precision improvement and breaking through difficulties”, solving the weak links of drivers in special skills through targeted training.

In the comprehensive training stage, focusing on scenario-based training, the five training modules are organically combined, using all training models, setting complex practical scenarios, allowing drivers to comprehensively use the learned skills to complete various practical tasks. For example, set up a comprehensive “behind-enemy lines support” scenario, allowing drivers to drive special models such as Dongfeng Mengshi and BAIC Warrior, pass through complex road sections such as floating bridges, shell craters and loose sand in special environments such as night and fog, break through enemy blockades, and complete material transfer tasks; set up a comprehensive “battlefield material transfer” scenario, allowing drivers to drive heavy models such as Howo series and SX2150, complete heavy load material transfer tasks in the battlefield combined obstacle environment. The focus of this stage is “practical collaboration and comprehensive improvement”, improving drivers’ practical response capabilities and collaborative cooperation capabilities.

(II) Practical Value: Technology Empowers to Promote the Transformation and Upgrading of Training Models

Compared with traditional real-vehicle training, driving simulator training has significant advantages. Its practical value is mainly reflected in four aspects: improving training efficiency, reducing training costs, avoiding training risks, and strengthening actual combat orientation, providing a new solution for modern special vehicle driving training.

First, improve training efficiency and achieve “precision training”. The driving simulator can simulate various complex scenarios and emergencies, not limited by venue, climate and other factors. Drivers can conduct targeted training repeatedly to quickly master various skill difficulties. For example, in emergency avoidance training, drivers can repeatedly simulate emergencies such as tire blowout and brake failure, proficiently master the emergency response process, and the training efficiency is increased by more than 30% compared with traditional real-vehicle training. At the same time, the simulator can record the driver’s operation data in real time, analyze the operation errors, and provide personalized training suggestions for drivers, realizing “precision weakness compensation and targeted improvement”. Just like the VR armored driving simulation system introduced by a regiment of the Xinjiang Military Region, it can automatically record the officers’ and soldiers’ operations, generate an evaluation report after the end, accurately locate detailed problems such as “improper shifting timing” and “steering angle deviation”, help drivers quickly improve their skills, and recruits can pass the real-vehicle driving assessment at one time with the help of this system.

Second, reduce training costs and reduce equipment wear and tear. Traditional real-vehicle training requires a lot of fuel consumption, vehicle wear and tear costs, and high costs such as venue rental and personnel support. However, driving simulator training only needs to consume electricity, no fuel consumption, and no vehicle wear and tear, which can greatly reduce training costs. According to statistics, the cost of driving simulator training is only 1/10 of that of traditional real-vehicle training. At the same time, the simulator can simulate vehicle failures, accidents and other scenarios, avoiding equipment damage and personnel casualties caused by improper operation in real-vehicle training, and further reducing training costs. In addition, simulator training does not need to occupy a lot of venues, can be carried out indoors, saving venue rental and maintenance costs.

Third, avoid training risks and ensure training safety. In traditional real-vehicle training, complex road, emergency avoidance and other training scenarios have high safety risks, which are prone to vehicle accidents, resulting in personnel casualties and equipment damage. However, driving simulator training is carried out in a virtual environment. Drivers can simulate various dangerous scenarios in a safe and controllable environment, without worrying about safety issues, and can boldly carry out training to improve emergency response capabilities. For example, in emergency scenario training such as tire blowout and brake failure, drivers can repeatedly try different response methods, familiarize themselves with the response process, and can more calmly cope with emergencies in real-vehicle training, effectively avoiding training risks.

Fourth, strengthen actual combat orientation and improve practical capabilities. The training scenarios of the driving simulator are highly consistent with actual combat tasks, which can restore practical elements such as battlefield environment, complex road conditions and emergencies, allowing drivers to experience the practical combat atmosphere in a simulated environment and temper their practical skills. At the same time, combined with 9 types of main practical models such as EQ1118G and Dongfeng Mengshi, drivers can proficiently master the operation skills of various models in training, adapt to the practical needs of different positions, ensure that the training content is seamlessly connected with actual combat tasks, and realize “training is actual combat, practice is preparation for war”. For example, through modules such as battlefield driving and scenario training, drivers can be familiar with the driving skills and collaborative cooperation methods in the battlefield environment, and can quickly adapt to the battlefield environment and complete tasks in actual combat.

IV. Conclusion

With the continuous improvement of national defense construction and special operation support needs, higher requirements are put forward for the professional quality of vehicle drivers. As a modern training equipment, driving simulators, with their advantages of high simulation, repeatability and safety controllability, have built a standardized training system covering five modules: battlefield driving, special road driving, emergency avoidance, complex road driving and scenario-based training. Combined with 9 types of main training models such as EQ1118G, EQ1120, EQ2102, SX2150, SX2190, Howo series, Dongfeng Mengshi, BAIC Warrior and Dongfeng Cummins, it has realized the high consistency between training content and actual combat tasks, and the precise matching between training models and drivers’ skill needs.

Through the hierarchical and step-by-step implementation path, driving simulator training can effectively improve drivers’ comprehensive skills, reduce training costs, avoid training risks, and promote the transformation and upgrading of special vehicle driving training from “experience-based” to “scientific” and from “extensive” to “precision-based”. In the future, with the continuous development of science and technology, driving simulators will further optimize the scenario simulation effect, improve the training system, and combine artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies to achieve more precise and efficient training, providing strong support for improving the practical capabilities of China’s military and special vehicle drivers and ensuring the success or failure of mission execution, and injecting strong technological momentum into national defense construction and special operation support.